Chapter 11: References & the Copy-Constructor
Reference

• C++中void*指针赋值给其他类型指针必须显示转换
• Reference Rules:
• must be initialized when it is created
• Once initialized, it cannot be changed to refer another object
• You cannot have NULL references
• when passing argument, const reference is the first choice

Copy-Constructor : Type(const Type&)

• it is essential to control passing and returning of user-defined types by value during function calls
• In C and C++, arguments are pushed on the stack from right to left
• If a function returns large objects, the return address is pushed before making the function call
• the compiler can create a temporary object whenever it needs one to properly evaluate an expression
• the compiler will automatically synthesize a copy-constructor if you don't provide one yourself
• Memberwise initialization: to create a copy-constructor for a class that uses composition or inheritance, the compiler recursively calls the copy-constructors for all the member objects and base classes
• Declare a private copy-constructor, pass-by-value is then prevented
• when you pass the address of an argument to modify, using pointer instead of reference is better for the reader to follow

Pointers to members

int ObjClass::*pointerToMember = &ObjClass::a;
ObjClass obj, *objp;
obj.*poinerToMember = 1;
objp->*pointerToMember = 2;

void (ObjClass::*pointerToMemberFunction)(int) = &ObjClass::func;
(obj.*pointerToMemberFunction)(1);
(objp->*pointerToMemberFunction)(2);

a pointer-to-member must always be bound to an object when it is dereferenced

Last modified on 2007-06-21